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$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ', 'scripts_for_layout' => '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ' $scripts_for_layout = '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ' $title_for_layout = 'Place Detail - AARP' $asset_version = '230831' $min = true $nowrapper = false $css = ''include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 53 include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 53 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::renderLayout() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 546 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 481 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963 AppController::renderPage() - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 136 PlacesController::display() - APP/Controller/PlacesController.php, line 501 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? 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Warning (2): include() [<a href='http://php.net/function.include'>function.include</a>]: Failed opening '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/Resource/aarp2_master.head.html' for inclusion (include_path='/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/lib:.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') [APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 53]Code Context<?php // if (!$nowrapper) (Globals::$language == 'es') ? include(APP . "/Resource/aarpe_global_js_es.html") : include(APP . "/Resource/aarpe_global_js.html"); ?>
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$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ', 'scripts_for_layout' => '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ' $scripts_for_layout = '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. 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$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ', 'scripts_for_layout' => '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ' $scripts_for_layout = '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. 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Warning (2): include() [<a href='http://php.net/function.include'>function.include</a>]: Failed opening '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/Resource/aarp2_master.resource.root.html' for inclusion (include_path='/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/lib:.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') [APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 54]Code Context<?php if (!$nowrapper): // MLW - Spanish wrappers TBD
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$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ', 'scripts_for_layout' => '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge
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$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ', 'scripts_for_layout' => '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? <a href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/renew?campaignid= UARFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Renew</a> or <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/my-membership/print-your-card/">Print Card</a></div> </div> </div> <style> .membership-tout {padding:16px 20px;} .membership-tout .list li { margin: 0; } </style> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_93505" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_93505', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer text-center"> <div class="fb-page" alt="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" title="Image of AARP North Carolina Facebook Page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" data-tabs="timeline" width="320" height="" data-small-header="false" data-adapt-container-width="true" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" lazy="true"> <blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC">Facebook</a></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <h2>Contact AARP<br />North Carolina</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-quick-list module-spacer"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-envelope" alt="Email icon" title="Email icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="mailto:NCAARP@aarp.org " target="_blank" rel="noopener">NCAARP@aarp.org </a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-globe" alt="Globe icon" title="Globe icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/region/north-carolina/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">AARP North Carolina</a></li> <li><i class="list-icon fa fa-map-marker" alt="Map Marker icon" title="Map Marker icon" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://states.aarp.org/aarp-north-carolina-contact-information/?intcmp=SNG-LNK-AARPLOCAL-CONTACT-20140101-RAEFORD-NC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AARPNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Facebook"><img alt="Facebook icon" title="Facebook icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/facebook-dreamstale25.png"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/aarpNC" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Open Twitter"><img alt="Twitter icon" title="Twitter icon" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/responsive/icons/48/x-logo-black.png"></a> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail left-bot"></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail right-bot thin-rhs"></div> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> </div> <div class="row oneColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-12"><!-- script to activate navbar --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(".channelBarMain ul.left li a").click(function() { window.location = jQuery(this).attr('href'); }); </script> </div> </div> ' $scripts_for_layout = '<title>National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC</title> <meta name="page_title" content="National Elk Refuge - Raeford, NC"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow"/> <meta content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ' $title_for_layout = 'Place Detail - AARP' $asset_version = '230831' $min = true $nowrapper = false $css = '' $highlighting = '' $location = '<a href="/raeford-nc/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HOME">Raeford, NC</a>' $no_header = false $header_title = '<a href="/raeford-nc/things-to-do/">Places</a>' $header_subtitle = '' $isPR = false $navbar = '<nav class="section" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse"> <div class="section-toggle">Sections <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></div> <ul class="secondary-menu" id="secondary-menu" role="menu" aria-busy="true"> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-OLE" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-EVENTS">Online & Local Events</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/things-to-do/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-TTD" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-THINGSTODO">Things to Do</a></li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/happenings/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-NF" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HAPPENINGS">News Feed</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/volunteering/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-VOL" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-VOLUNTEERING">Volunteering</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HC" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HC">Home & Community</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/movies/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-MFG" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MOVIESFORGROWNUPS">Movies for Grownups</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class="more nosep " id="submenu-more"> <span role="menuitem" class="menuitem" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MORE">More<i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></span> <ul class="secondary-submenu animate slide-in" id="secondary-submenu"> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/discounts/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-LO" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-OFFERS">Local Offers</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/local-resources/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-LR" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-LOCALRESOURCES">Local Resources</a> </li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/jobs/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-WJ" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-WORK&JOBS">Work & Jobs</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/events/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-CC" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-EVENTS">Community Calendar</a></li> <!-- <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/healthy-living/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HEALTHY_LIVING" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HEALTHY_LIVING">Healthy Living</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/arts-entertainment/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-ARTS_ENT" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-ARTS_ENT">Arts & Entertainment</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/museums/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-MUSEUMS" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MUSEUMS">Museums</a></li> --> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav>' $header_custom = '' $breadcrumbs = array( (int) 0 => array( 'title' => 'Things to Do', 'slug' => 'things-to-do' ) ) $row = array( 'title' => 'Back to Things to Do', 'slug' => 'things-to-do' ) $i = (int) 0include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 242 include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 242 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::renderLayout() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 546 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 481 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963 AppController::renderPage() - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 136 PlacesController::display() - APP/Controller/PlacesController.php, line 501 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? 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Warning (2): include() [<a href='http://php.net/function.include'>function.include</a>]: Failed opening '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/Resource/aarp2_master.footer.html' for inclusion (include_path='/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/lib:.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') [APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 242]Code Context<?php // if (!$nowrapper) (Globals::$language == 'es') ? include(APP . "/Resource/aarpe_footer_es.html") : include(APP . "/Resource/aarpe_footer.html"); ?>
<?php if (!$nowrapper): // MLW - Spanish wrappers TBD
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.footer.html");
$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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Warning (2): include(/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/Resource/aarp2_master.bodyTargeting.html) [<a href='http://php.net/function.include'>function.include</a>]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory [APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 243]Code Context<?php if (!$nowrapper): // MLW - Spanish wrappers TBD
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.footer.html");
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.bodyTargeting.html");
$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ' $title_for_layout = 'Place Detail - AARP' $asset_version = '230831' $min = true $nowrapper = false $css = '' $highlighting = '' $location = '<a href="/raeford-nc/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HOME">Raeford, NC</a>' $no_header = false $header_title = '<a href="/raeford-nc/things-to-do/">Places</a>' $header_subtitle = '' $isPR = false $navbar = '<nav class="section" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse"> <div class="section-toggle">Sections <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></div> <ul class="secondary-menu" id="secondary-menu" role="menu" aria-busy="true"> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-OLE" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-EVENTS">Online & Local Events</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/things-to-do/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-TTD" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-THINGSTODO">Things to Do</a></li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/happenings/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-NF" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HAPPENINGS">News Feed</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/volunteering/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-VOL" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-VOLUNTEERING">Volunteering</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HC" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HC">Home & Community</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/movies/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-MFG" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MOVIESFORGROWNUPS">Movies for Grownups</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class="more nosep " id="submenu-more"> <span role="menuitem" class="menuitem" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MORE">More<i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></span> <ul class="secondary-submenu animate slide-in" id="secondary-submenu"> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/discounts/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-LO" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-OFFERS">Local Offers</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/local-resources/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-LR" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-LOCALRESOURCES">Local Resources</a> </li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/jobs/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-WJ" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-WORK&JOBS">Work & Jobs</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/events/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-CC" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-EVENTS">Community Calendar</a></li> <!-- <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/healthy-living/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HEALTHY_LIVING" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HEALTHY_LIVING">Healthy Living</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/arts-entertainment/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-ARTS_ENT" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-ARTS_ENT">Arts & Entertainment</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/museums/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-MUSEUMS" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MUSEUMS">Museums</a></li> --> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav>' $header_custom = '' $breadcrumbs = array( (int) 0 => array( 'title' => 'Things to Do', 'slug' => 'things-to-do' ) ) $row = array( 'title' => 'Back to Things to Do', 'slug' => 'things-to-do' ) $i = (int) 0include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 243 include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 243 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::renderLayout() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 546 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 481 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963 AppController::renderPage() - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 136 PlacesController::display() - APP/Controller/PlacesController.php, line 501 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? 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Warning (2): include() [<a href='http://php.net/function.include'>function.include</a>]: Failed opening '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/Resource/aarp2_master.bodyTargeting.html' for inclusion (include_path='/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/lib:.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') [APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 243]Code Context<?php if (!$nowrapper): // MLW - Spanish wrappers TBD
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.footer.html");
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.bodyTargeting.html");
$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ' $title_for_layout = 'Place Detail - AARP' $asset_version = '230831' $min = true $nowrapper = false $css = '' $highlighting = '' $location = '<a href="/raeford-nc/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HOME">Raeford, NC</a>' $no_header = false $header_title = '<a href="/raeford-nc/things-to-do/">Places</a>' $header_subtitle = '' $isPR = false $navbar = '<nav class="section" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapse"> <div class="section-toggle">Sections <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></div> <ul class="secondary-menu" id="secondary-menu" role="menu" aria-busy="true"> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-OLE" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-EVENTS">Online & Local Events</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/things-to-do/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-TTD" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-THINGSTODO">Things to Do</a></li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/happenings/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-NF" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HAPPENINGS">News Feed</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/volunteering/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-VOL" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-VOLUNTEERING">Volunteering</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HC" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HC">Home & Community</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class=""><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem" href="/raeford-nc/movies/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-MFG" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MOVIESFORGROWNUPS">Movies for Grownups</a> </li> <li role="presentation" class="more nosep " id="submenu-more"> <span role="menuitem" class="menuitem" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MORE">More<i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></span> <ul class="secondary-submenu animate slide-in" id="secondary-submenu"> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/discounts/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-LO" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-OFFERS">Local Offers</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/local-resources/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-LR" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-LOCALRESOURCES">Local Resources</a> </li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/jobs/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-WJ" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-WORK&JOBS">Work & Jobs</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/events/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-CC" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-EVENTS">Community Calendar</a></li> <!-- <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/healthy-living/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-HEALTHY_LIVING" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-HEALTHY_LIVING">Healthy Living</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/arts-entertainment/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-ARTS_ENT" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-ARTS_ENT">Arts & Entertainment</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a role="menuitem" class="menuitem " href="/raeford-nc/museums/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-NAV-MUSEUMS" data-formelementid="LOCAL-LNK-CLK-MUSEUMS">Museums</a></li> --> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav>' $header_custom = '' $breadcrumbs = array( (int) 0 => array( 'title' => 'Things to Do', 'slug' => 'things-to-do' ) ) $row = array( 'title' => 'Back to Things to Do', 'slug' => 'things-to-do' ) $i = (int) 0include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 244 include - APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 244 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::renderLayout() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 546 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 481 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963 AppController::renderPage() - APP/Controller/AppController.php, line 136 PlacesController::display() - APP/Controller/PlacesController.php, line 501 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? 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Warning (2): include() [<a href='http://php.net/function.include'>function.include</a>]: Failed opening '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/Resource/aarp2_master.resource.footer.root.html' for inclusion (include_path='/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/lib:.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') [APP/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp, line 244]Code Contextinclude (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.footer.html");
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.bodyTargeting.html");
include (APP . "Resource/aarp2_master.resource.footer.root.html");
$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/vcc_staging/app/View/Layouts/aarp_2023.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'content_for_layout' => '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. Nothing you submit will be shared with other site visitors. </div> <style> .report_button_message { color: #333; font-size: 12px; clear: both; } </style> </div> </div> </div><div class="module clearfix"><div class="module-spacer tout-homefit-750"> <a data-formelementid="CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024" href="/raeford-nc/home-and-community/?intcmp=CSN-LOCAL-HC-PLSK-02272024"><img class="img-responsive" alt="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" title="Explore the free AARP HomeFit Guide" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/touts/HomeFit_750x150.png"></a> </div></div></div> <div class="col-md-4 right-rail thin-rhs"><div class="module clearfix"><!--default--> <!-- module_RHS - AARP Events --> <div class="ar-basic-box module-spacer"> <header> <div class="pull-right"> <a href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS"> <img style="width:30px;" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/icons/aarp_event_icon.png" alt="Upcoming AARP Events" /> </a> </div> <h2 class="visible-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> <h2 class="hidden-lg">AARP Events for Raeford</h2> </header> <div class="wrap"> <div class="ar-listing snippet"> <ul class="list"> <li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-maine-yoga-with-sea-change-yoga-november-2024-dwn5382699b.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-CLASS-IN-GENTLE-CHAIR-YOGA">A Virtual Class in Gentle Chair Yoga</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 8:30 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-co-virtual-hatha-yoga-with-teri-mullen-online-co-111-12132024-46n842qg24q.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-A-VIRTUAL-HATHA-YOGA-CLASS-FOR-ALL">A Virtual Hatha Yoga Class for All</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li><li class="item" data-pageindex="1"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/aarp-event/aarp-ak-tai-chi-with-mitch-november-2024-anchorage-alaska-110124-36nw9nq4lrm.html" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-EVENTS-FITNESS-LEARN-THE-ANCIENT-ART-OF-TAI-CHI">Fitness: Learn the Ancient Art of Tai Chi</a></h2> <p class="time">Friday, Nov 8, 2024 at 6:00 p.m. ET</p> <p class="venue">Zoom</p> <p class="loc">Online Event</p> </li> </ul> <p><a class="link-red" href="/raeford-nc/aarp-events/" data-formelementid="LOCAL-BTN-CLK-SEEALL-EVENTS">View All AARP Events<i class="ml-1 fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" class="aarpe-ad-wrapper"> <div class="aarpe-ad en clearfix" id="300x250_53475" data-adsize="300x250"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof AARP.ads !== 'undefined'){ AARP.ads.slots({ id:'300x250_53475', size:'300x250'}); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="card-tout card-dark membership-tout" style="margin:0 0 30px 0;"> <img class="img-responsive image" title="image of two AARP membership cards" alt="image of two AARP membership cards" src="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/tout-two-cards.png"> <div class="title">Only $12 your first year with Automatic Renewal</div> <ul class="list"> <li>Immediate access to your <a href="https://www.aarp.org/benefits-discounts/">member benefits</a></li> <li>Discounts on travel and everyday savings</li> <li>Subscription to AARP The Magazine</li> <li>FREE second membership</li> </ul> <div class="action"> <a class="btn" href="https://appsec.aarp.org/mem/join?campaignid=UAJFT3&intcmp=LNK-CSN-AARPLOCAL-JRTOUT-RR-A-RAEFORD-NC">Join AARP</a> <div class="body">Already a member? 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Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'" name="description"/> <meta content="National, Elk, Refuge, Raeford, NC" name="keywords"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.americantowns.com/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://vccstaging.local.aarp.org/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="og:type" content="place"/> <meta property="og:title" content="National Elk Refuge"/> <meta property="og:description" content="As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers'"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn-aarp.americantowns.com/img/template/thumbs/generic-icon.jpg"/> <meta property="place:location:latitude" content="43.479698"/> <meta property="place:location:longitude" content="-110.748001"/> ', 'title_for_layout' => 'Place Detail - AARP' ) $content_for_layout = '<div class="row twoColumnLayout"> <div class="col-md-8 left-rail"><div class="module clearfix"><div class="ar-basic-box"> <div class="module-spacer"> <header><h1 class="article-headline">National Elk Refuge</h1></header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 left module-spacer"> <p> <div> <div>675 East Broadway</div> <div> <span>Jackson</span>, <span>WY</span> <span>83001</span> </div> </div> </p> <div> <i class="fa fa-external-link-square"></i> <a href="http://www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/" target="_blank">National Elk Refuge</a> </div> <div><i class="fa fa-phone-square"></i> 307-733-9212</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 module-spacer"> <iframe width="100%" height="220" frameborder="0" style="border:0" src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?key=AIzaSyCU5aZylcrTOLke9e3U0F2mXovlZ4bL8yk&q=National+Elk+Refuge%2C+675+East+Broadway%2C+Jackson%2C+WY+83001" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> </div> <div class="module-spacer clearfix"> <p>As development grew at the turn of the 20th century, migratory routes changed. Livestock competed with elk for natural grasses, and elk often raided ranchers' haystacks. These changes and a series of harsh winters led to the starvation of thousands of elk. The community of Jackson grew concerned the elk herd would not survive without human intervention.In 1910, Stephen Leek attracted national attention by his writings, photographs and lectures about starving elk in the Jackson area. That same year, the Wyoming Legislature appropriated $5,000 for Leek to feed hay on his property south of the town of Jackson to purchase all available hay from local ranchers. The following year, the Wyoming Legislature asked the U.S. Congress to cooperate with the State of Wyoming in feeding, protecting and preserving big game. Congress responded by appropriating $20,000 to feed, restock, and investigate the elk situation.In 1911, Edward A. Preble of the U.S. Biological Survey was sent to the area to conduct a thorough study of Jackson Elk Herd. Preble's reported, entitled Report on Condition of Elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911 contained suggestions for a winter refuge for elk. In that document, he stated, "The establishment of a winter refuge, where the food can be preserved by excluding stock during the summer, is essential for the proper protection of elk." He stated later in the report, "The Biological Survey looks on the establishment of one or more winter refuges as the best solution of the problem of properly caring for the elk in the winter. . . It is earnestly recommended that at least one winter refuge for elk be established."Establishing AuthorityThe National Elk Refuge was established by various Acts of Congress, executive orders, and other documents to provide, preserve, restore, and manage lands for wintering elk, birds, and other big game animals. The main Act of Congress on August 10, 1912 set aside lands "for the establishment of a winter game (elk) reserve in the State of Wyoming, lying south of the Yellowstone Park . . ."A few of the significant documents and dates in the Refuge's history include:August 10, 1912 - Act of Congress, Ch. 284, 37, Stat.293: Establishment of a winter elk reserveMarch 4, 1913 - Act of Congress, Ch. 145, 37 Stat.847: Establishment and maintenance of winter elk refuge.July 25, 1940 - Presidential Proclamation 2416: Changed the name from Elk Refuge to National Elk Refuge</p> </div> <div class="reportthis" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <form method="post" action="/raeford-nc/report/place/national-elk-refuge-jackson-wy.html"> <button type="submit" class="btn btnregister pull-right" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">Flag This Place</button> </form> </div> <div class="report_button_message">Please use "Flag This Place" to alert us about content that is inappropriate or needs immediate attention. 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